Dhismaha shabakadda fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), kala-qaybiyayaasha indhaha, oo ah qaybaha asaasiga ah ee shabakadaha indhaha ee aan firfircoonayn (PONs), waxay awood u siinayaan wadaagista isticmaale badan oo hal fiber ah iyada oo loo marayo qaybinta awoodda indhaha, taasoo si toos ah u saamaysa waxqabadka shabakadda iyo khibradda isticmaalaha. Maqaalkani si nidaamsan ayuu u falanqeeyaa teknoolojiyada muhiimka ah ee qorshaynta FTTH afar dhinac: xulashada tignoolajiyada kala-qaybinta indhaha, naqshadeynta qaab-dhismeedka shabakadda, hagaajinta saamiga kala-qaybinta, iyo isbeddellada mustaqbalka.
Xulashada Kala-qaybiyaha Indhaha: Isbarbardhigga Tiknoolajiyadda PLC iyo FBT
1. Kala-qaybiyaha Wareegga Mowjadaha Iftiinka ee Planar (PLC):
• Taageero buuxda oo kooxeed (1260–1650 nm), oo ku habboon nidaamyada hirarka badan leh;
• Waxay taageertaa kala-qaybinta heerka sare ah (tusaale ahaan, 1×64), luminta gelinta ≤17 dB;
•Xasillooni heerkul sare (-40°C ilaa 85°C isbeddel <0.5 dB);
• Baakad yar, inkastoo kharashyada bilowga ah ay yihiin kuwo aad u sarreeya.
2. Kala-qaybiyaha Biconical Taper (FBT) ee la isku daray:
• Waxay taageertaa oo keliya hirarka hirarka gaarka ah (tusaale ahaan, 1310/1490 nm);
• Xaddidan kala-qaybin hoose (ka hooseeya 1×8);
• Isbeddel weyn oo khasaare ah oo ka jira deegaannada heerkulka sare;
•Kharash jaban, oo ku habboon xaaladaha miisaaniyaddu xaddidan tahay.
Istaraatiijiyadda Xulashada:
Meelaha magaalooyinka ee dadku ku badan yihiin (dhismayaasha guryaha ee dhaadheer, degmooyinka ganacsiga), kala-goysyada PLC waa in la mudnaanta siiyaa si ay u buuxiyaan shuruudaha kala-goysyada heerka sare ah iyagoo ilaalinaya iswaafajinta casriyeynta PON ee XGS-PON/50G.
Xaaladaha miyiga ama kuwa cufnaanta yar, kala-qaybiyayaasha FBT ayaa laga yaabaa in la doorto si loo yareeyo kharashyada bilowga ah ee dejinta. Saadaasha suuqu waxay muujinaysaa in saamiga suuqa PLC uu ka badnaan doono 80% (LightCounting 2024), ugu horreyn sababtoo ah faa'iidooyinka ballaarinta tignoolajiyada.
Naqshadeynta Naqshadaha Shabakadda: Kala-qaybinta dhexe iyo tan baahsan
1. Kala-qaybiyaha Heerka-1 ee Dhexe
•Duwidda: OLT → 1×32/1×64 kala-qaybiye (lagu rakibay qolka qalabka/FDH) → ONT.
• Xaaladaha khuseeya: CBD-yada magaalooyinka, meelaha dadku ku badan yihiin.
• Faa'iidooyinka:
- 30% horumar ku yimid hufnaanta goobta qaladka;
- Khasaaraha hal-marxalad ah oo ah 17–21 dB, oo taageeraya gudbinta 20 km;
- Ballaarinta awoodda degdegga ah iyada oo loo marayo beddelka kala-qaybiyaha (tusaale ahaan, 1×32 → 1×64).
2. Qaybiye Heer-badan leh oo Qaybsan
•Duwidda: OLT → 1×4 (Heerka 1) → 1×8 (Heerka 2) → ONT, oo u adeegta 32 qoys.
• Xaaladaha ku habboon: Deegaannada miyiga, gobollada buuraleyda ah, guryaha villa-ga.
• Faa'iidooyinka:
- Waxay hoos u dhigtaa kharashka faybarka laf-dhabarta 40%;
- Waxay taageertaa dib-u-celinta shabakadda giraanta (beddelka cilladda laanta oo otomaatig ah);
- La qabsan karo dhulalka adag.
Hagaajinta Saamiga Kala-qaybinta: Isu-dheellitirka Shuruudaha Masaafada Gudbinta iyo Ballaca
1. Hubinta Iswaafajinta Isticmaalaha iyo Ballaca Bandwidth-ka
Marka la eego XGS-PON (10G hoos u dhaadhaca) oo leh habayn 1×64 ah oo kala qaybisa, xawaaraha ugu sarreeya ee isticmaale kasta waa qiyaastii 156Mbps (heerka isku-dhafka 50%);
Meelaha cufnaanta sare leh waxay u baahan yihiin Qaybinta Bandwidth Dynamic (DBA) ama xariijinta C++ ee la ballaariyay si kor loogu qaado awoodda.
2. Bixinta Horumarinta Mustaqbalka
Kaydi ≥3dB xoogga korontada indhaha si loo daboolo gabowga fiberka;
Xullo kala-qaybiyeyaasha PLC oo leh saamiga kala-qaybinta la hagaajin karo (tusaale ahaan, la habeyn karo 1×32 ↔ 1×64) si looga fogaado dhismaha aan loo baahnayn.
Isbeddellada Mustaqbalka iyo Hal-abuurka Tiknoolajiyadda
Tiknoolajiyada PLC waxay u horseedaa kala-qaybin heer sare ah:Kordhinta 10G PON waxay ku riixday kala-qaybiyeyaasha PLC inay noqdaan kuwo caadi ah, iyagoo taageeraya casriyeyn aan kala go 'lahayn oo loogu talagalay 50G PON.
Qaadashada qaab-dhismeedka isku-dhafka ah:Isku darka kala-qaybinta hal-heer ee magaalooyinka iyo kala-qaybinta heerarka badan ee aagagga magaalooyinka waxay dheelitiraysaa hufnaanta daboolida iyo kharashka.
Tiknoolajiyada ODN ee caqliga leh:eODN waxay awood u siineysaa dib-u-habeyn fog oo ku saabsan saamiga kala-goynta iyo saadaasha cilladaha, taasoo kor u qaadaysa sirdoonka hawlgalka.
Horumarka isdhexgalka Silicon Photonics:Chips-yada 32-kanaalka ah ee Monolithic PLC waxay hoos u dhigaan kharashyada 50%, taasoo u suurtagelinaysa saamiga kala-qaybinta aadka u sarreeya ee 1×128 si loo horumariyo horumarinta magaalada caqliga badan ee indhaha oo dhan.
Iyada oo loo marayo xulashada tignoolajiyada loo habeeyey, dejinta qaab-dhismeedka dabacsan, iyo hagaajinta saamiga kala-qaybinta firfircoon, shabakadaha FTTH waxay si wax ku ool ah u taageeri karaan soo saarista ballaaran ee gigabit iyo shuruudaha horumarka tignoolajiyada ee mustaqbalka ee tobanka sano ah.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebteembar-04-2025