Kahor intaadan fahmin tignoolajiyada PAM4, waa maxay tignoolajiyada wax-ka-beddelka? Tiknoolajiyada wax-ka-beddelka waa farsamada loogu beddelo calaamadaha baasaaska (calaamadaha korantada ee ceeriin) ee calaamadaha gudbinta. Si loo hubiyo waxtarka isgaadhsiinta oo looga gudbo dhibaatooyinka gudbinta calaamadaha fogaanta, waxaa lagama maarmaan ah in lagu wareejiyo spectrum spectrum kanaalka soo noqnoqda sare iyada oo loo marayo habaynta gudbinta.
PAM4 waa habka afraad ee habaynta garaaca garaaca wadnaha (PAM).
Signal PAM waa tignoolajiyada gudbinta calaamadaha caanka ah ka dib NRZ (aan ku noqon Zero).
Calaamadda NRZ waxay isticmaashaa laba heer oo calaamad ah, sare iyo hoose, si ay u matalaan 1 iyo 0 ee calaamadda macquulka ah ee dhijitaalka ah, oo gudbin kara 1 xoogaa macluumaadka macquulka ah ee wareeg kasta.
Calaamadaha PAM4 waxay u isticmaashaa gudbinta calaamadaha 4 heerar kala duwan oo calaamad ah, iyo saacad kasta oo wareeg ah waxay gudbin kartaa 2 bit oo macluumaad macquul ah, kuwaas oo kala ah 00, 01, 10, iyo 11.
Sidaa darteed, marka la eego shuruudaha heerka baud ee isku midka ah, heerka waxoogaa ee calaamada PAM4 waa laba jeer ka NRZ signal, kaas oo labanlaabaya waxtarka gudbinta oo si wax ku ool ah u yareeya kharashyada.
Tiknoolajiyada PAM4 ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalay goobta isku xirka calaamadaha xawaaraha sare leh. Waqtigan xaadirka ah, waxaa jira 400G module transceiver indhaha oo ku saleysan tikniyoolajiyada modulation PAM4 ee xarunta xogta iyo 50G module transceiver oo ku saleysan tignoolajiyada qaabeynta PAM4 ee shabakada isku xirka 5G.
Habka hirgelinta ee 400G DML module transceiver optical ee ku salaysan habaynta PAM4 waa sida soo socota: marka la gudbinayo calaamadaha cutubka, kanaalada 16 ee la helay ee 25G NRZ ee calaamadaha korantada waxaa laga soo qaatay unugga isdhexgalka korantada, oo ay sii diyaarisay processor-ka DSP, PAM4 modulation, iyo soo saarida 8 kanaal oo ah calaamadaha korantada ee 25G PAM4, kuwaas oo lagu raro chip darawalka. Calaamadaha korantada ee xawaaraha sare leh ayaa loo beddelaa kanaalka 8 ee 50Gbps ee xawaaraha sare ee calaamadaha indhaha iyada oo loo marayo 8 kanaal oo lasers ah, oo ay ku jiraan mawjadaha kala-duwanaanta ee multiplexer, oo lagu dhex daray 1 channel ee 400G xawaaraha sare ee signalka indhaha. Marka la helayo calaamadaha unugga, 1-channel 400G-xawaare sare oo ishaaro indhaha ah ayaa la geliyaa iyada oo loo sii marayo unugga isdhexgalka indhaha, oo loo beddelo 8-channel 50Gbps signal-xawaaraha sare ee indhaha iyada oo loo marayo demultiplexer, oo uu helo aqbalaha indhaha, oo loo beddelo koronto. calaamad. Ka dib soo kabashada saacadda, kordhinta, sinnaanta, iyo PAM4 demodulation by chip processing DSP, signalka korantada waxaa loo rogaa kanaalka 16 ee 25G NRZ signal koronto.
Ku codso tignoolajiyada wax-ka-beddelka PAM4 illaa 400Gb/s modules indhaha. Qalabka indhaha ee 400Gb / s ee ku salaysan qaabaynta PAM4 waxay yarayn kartaa tirada laydhka loo baahan yahay ee dhamaadka gudbinta waxayna si ku habboon u yaraynaysaa tirada qaataha loo baahan yahay dhamaadka helitaanka sababtoo ah isticmaalka farsamooyinka habaynta sare ee nidaamka marka loo eego NRZ. Habaynta PAM4 waxay yaraynaysaa tirada qaybaha indhaha ee moduleka indhaha, kaas oo keeni kara faa'iidooyin sida kharashyada shirarka hoose, isticmaalka tamarta oo yar, iyo cabbirka baakadaha yaryar.
Waxaa jira baahi loo qabo 50Gbit / s modules indhaha ah ee shabakadaha gudbinta 5G iyo dib-u-celinta, iyo xal ku salaysan aaladaha indhaha ee 25G oo lagu kabo PAM4 qaab-dhismeedka cabbirka xajmiga garaaca wadnaha ayaa la qaatay si loo gaaro qiimo jaban iyo shuruudaha bandwidth sare.
Marka la tilmaamayo calaamadaha PAM-4, waxaa muhiim ah in fiiro gaar ah loo yeesho farqiga u dhexeeya heerka baud iyo heerka xoogaa. Calaamadaha NRZ ee dhaqameed, maadaama hal calaamad ay gudbiso xog yar, heerka waxoogaa iyo heerka baud waa isku mid. Tusaale ahaan, 100G Ethernet, iyadoo la adeegsanayo afar calaamadaha 25.78125GBaud ee gudbinta, heerka qiyaasta calaamad kasta waa 25.78125Gbps, iyo afarta calaamadood waxay gaaraan 100Gbps gudbinta signalka; Calaamadaha PAM-4, maadaama hal calaamad ay gudbiso 2-bit oo xog ah, xaddiga yara ee la gudbin karo waa laba jeer heerka baud. Tusaale ahaan, adigoo isticmaalaya 4 kanaal oo ah 26.5625GBaud signals si loogu gudbiyo 200G Ethernet, heerka bit ee kanaalka kasta waa 53.125Gbps, iyo 4 channels of signals waxay gaari karaan 200Gbps gudbinta signalka. 400G Ethernet, waxaa lagu gaari karaa 8 kanaal oo ah calaamadaha 26.5625GBaud.
Waqtiga boostada: Jan-02-2025