EPON (Shabakadda indhaha ee Ethernet Passive Optical)
Shabakadda indhaha ee dadban ee Ethernet waa tignoolajiyada PON ee ku saleysan Ethernet. Waxay qabataa dhibic si ay u qaab-dhismeedka multipoint iyo gudbinta fibre optic dadban, bixinta adeegyo badan oo ka badan Ethernet. Tignoolajiyada EPON waxaa habeeyey kooxda shaqada ee IEEE802.3 EFM. Bishii Juun 2004, kooxda shaqada ee IEEE802.3EFM waxay soo saartay heerka EPON - IEEE802.3ah (oo lagu daray IEEE802.3-2005 heerka 2005).
Heerkan, tignoolajiyada Ethernet iyo PON ayaa la isku daray, iyadoo tignoolajiyada PON loo isticmaalo lakabka jirka iyo borotokoolka Ethernet ee loo isticmaalo lakabka isku xirka xogta, iyadoo la adeegsanayo topology-ga PON si loo gaaro marinka Ethernet. Sidaa darteed, waxay isku daraysaa faa'iidooyinka tignoolajiyada PON iyo teknoolojiyadda Ethernet: qiime jaban, baaxad weyn, miisaan xoog leh, ku habboonaanta Ethernet jira, maarayn habboon, iwm.
GPON
Tignoolajiyadu waa jiilkii ugu dambeeyay ee halbeegga marin-u-helidda isku-dhafan ee balaadh-bandhed ee dadban ee ku salaysan ITU-TG.984. x standard, kaas oo leh faa'iidooyin badan sida xajmigoodu sarreeyo, hufnaan sare, aag daboolan, iyo is-dhexgal isticmaale oo qani ah. Inta badan hawl-wadeenada waxa ay u arkaan tignoolajiyada ugu habboon ee lagu gaadhi karo isbadel ballaadhan oo ballaadhan oo adeegyada shabakadda ah. GPON waxaa markii ugu horeysay soo jeediyay ururka FSAN bishii Sebtembar 2002. Iyadoo taas laga duulayo, ITU-T waxay dhamaystirtay horumarinta ITU-T G.984.1 iyo G.984.2 March 2003, iyo halbeegga G.984.3 ee February iyo June 2004. Haddaba. qoyska caadiga ah ee GPON ayaa ugu dambeyntii la sameeyay.
Tignoolajiyada GPON waxay ka timid halbeegga tignoolajiyada ATMPON oo si tartiib tartiib ah u samaysmay 1995, PON-na waxay u taagan tahay "Passive Optical Network" oo Ingiriisi ah. GPON (Gigabit Capable Passive Optical Network) waxaa markii ugu horeysay soo jeediyay ururka FSAN bishii Sebtembar 2002. Iyadoo taas laga duulayo, ITU-T waxay dhamaystirtay horumarinta ITU-T G.984.1 iyo G.984.2 bishii March 2003, waxayna habaysay G.984.3 gudaha Febraayo iyo Juunyo 2004. Haddaba, qoyska caadiga ah ee GPON ayaa ugu dambeyntii la sameeyay. Qaab dhismeedka aasaasiga ah ee aaladaha ku saleysan tignoolajiyada GPON waxay la mid tahay PON hadda jirta, oo ka kooban OLT (Optical Line Terminal) ee xafiiska dhexe, ONT/ONU (Optical Network Terminal or Optical Network Unit) dhamaadka isticmaale, ODN ) oo ka kooban fiber hal-mode ah (SM fiber) iyo kala qaybisa dadban, iyo nidaamka maamulka shabakada isku xidha labada qalab ee hore.
Farqiga u dhexeeya EPON iyo GPON
GPON waxay isticmaashaa tignoolajiyada isku dhufashada ee kala qaybinta mawjadaha (WDM) si ay u suurtageliso isku mar soo dejinta iyo soo dejinta. Caadiyan, sidaha indhaha 1490nm ayaa loo adeegsadaa soo dejinta, halka 1310nm muuqaal-qaade loo xushay in la soo dejiyo. Haddii calaamadaha TV-ga loo baahan yahay in la gudbiyo, 1550nm muuqaal-qaade ayaa sidoo kale la isticmaali doonaa. In kasta oo ONU kastaa uu ku guulaysan karo xawaaraha soo dejinta ee 2.488 Gbits/s, GPON waxa kale oo ay isticmaashaa Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) si ay ugu qoondayso wakhti cayiman isticmaale kasta calaamada xilliyeedka.
Heerka ugu badan ee la soo dejiyo ee XGPON waa ilaa 10Gbits/s, heerka soo dejinta sidoo kale waa 2.5Gbit/s. Waxa kale oo ay isticmaashaa tignoolajiyada WDM, mawjadaha dhererka ee kor iyo hoosba sidayaal indho-indhayneed waa 1270nm iyo 1577nm, siday u kala horreeyaan.
Heerka gudbinta oo kordhay awgeed, ONUs badan ayaa loo qaybin karaa iyadoo loo eegayo qaab xog isku mid ah, oo leh masaafada ugu badan ee daboolida ilaa 20km. In kasta oo XGPON aan weli si weyn loo qaadan, waxay siisaa waddo hagaajin wanaagsan oo loogu talagalay wadayaasha isgaarsiinta indhaha.
EPON waxay si buuxda ula jaan qaadaysaa heerarka kale ee Ethernet, markaa ma jirto baahi loo qabo beddelaad ama koobid marka lagu xidho shabakadaha ku salaysan Ethernet, oo leh ugu badnaan 1518 bytes. EPON uma baahna habka gelitaanka CSMA/CD ee noocyada Ethernet qaarkood. Intaa waxaa dheer, sida gudbinta Ethernet ay tahay habka ugu muhiimsan ee gudbinta shabakada degaanka, ma jirto baahi loo qabo beddelka borotokoolka shabakada inta lagu jiro casriyeynta shabakada aagga magaalo-madaxda.
Waxa kale oo jira nooca 10 Gbit/s Ethernet loo qoondeeyey sida 802.3av. Xawaaraha khadka dhabta ah waa 10.3125 Gbits/s. Habka ugu muhiimsan waa 10 Gbits/s kor u kaca iyo hoos u dhigista, iyadoo qaar ay isticmaalayaan 10 Gbits/s downlink iyo 1 Gbit/s uplink.
Nooca Gbit/s wuxuu adeegsadaa mowjadaha indhaha ee kala duwan ee fiber-ka, oo leh hirarka hoose ee 1575-1580nm iyo hirarka sare ee 1260-1280nm. Sidaa darteed, nidaamka 10 Gbit/s iyo nidaamka 1Gbit/s ee caadiga ah waxa lagu dhufsan karaa mawjadaha dhererka ee isla fiber isku mid ah.
Is dhexgalka saddex jeer
Isku-xidhka saddexda shabakadood waxay ka dhigan tahay in habka horumarka laga bilaabo shabakadda isgaarsiinta, raadiyaha iyo shabakadda telefishinka, iyo internetka ilaa shabakadda isgaarsiinta ballaaran, shabakadda telefishinka dhijitaalka ah, iyo internetka jiilka soo socda, saddexda shabakadood, iyada oo loo marayo isbeddel farsamo, waxay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin Shaqooyin farsamo oo isku mid ah, isla baaxadda ganacsiga, isku xirka shabakada, wadaaga kheyraadka, waxayna siin kartaa isticmaalayaasha cod, xog, raadiyo iyo telefishan iyo adeegyo kale. Isku-darka saddex-geesoodka ah macnaheedu maaha is-dhexgalka jirka ee saddexda shabakadood ee waaweyn, laakiin inta badan waxaa loola jeedaa isku-dhafka codsiyada ganacsiga heerka sare ah.
Isku dhafka saddexda shabakadood ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa dhinacyo kala duwan sida gaadiidka caqliga leh, ilaalinta deegaanka, shaqada dawladda, badbaadada dadweynaha, iyo guryaha nabdoon. Mustaqbalka, talefannada gacanta ayaa daawan kara TV-ga iyo intarnetka, TV-ga ayaa wici kara telefoonnada iyo internetka, sidoo kale kombuyuutarku waxay sidoo kale wici karaan telefoon iyo TV-ga.
Isku dhafka saddexda shabakadood waxaa lagu falanqeyn karaa fikrad ahaan laga soo bilaabo aragtiyo iyo heerar kala duwan, oo ku lug leh isdhexgalka tignoolajiyada, isdhexgalka ganacsiga, isdhexgalka warshadaha, isdhexgalka terminal, iyo isdhexgalka shabakada.
Tignoolajiyada Broadband
Jidhka ugu muhiimsan ee tignoolajiyada ballaadhan waa tignoolajiyada isgaarsiinta fiber optic. Mid ka mid ah ujeedooyinka isku xirka shabakadu waa in lagu bixiyo adeegyo midaysan iyada oo loo marayo shabakad. Si loo bixiyo adeegyo midaysan, waa lagama maarmaan in la helo madal shabakadeed oo ka caawin karta gudbinta adeegyada kala duwan ee warbaahinta (warbaahinta qulqulka) sida maqalka iyo muuqaalka.
Astaamaha ganacsiyadani waa dalabaad ganacsi oo sarreeya, mugga xogta weyn, iyo shuruudaha tayada sare ee adeegga, sidaa darteed waxay guud ahaan u baahan yihiin xajmiyeed aad u weyn inta lagu jiro gudbinta. Intaa waxaa dheer, marka laga eego dhinaca dhaqaalaha, kharashka waa inuusan noqon mid aad u sarreeya. Sidan oo kale, tignoolajiyada isgaadhsiinta fiber optic-ga ee awoodda sare leh oo waara ayaa noqotay doorashada ugu fiican ee warbaahinta gudbinta. Horumarinta tignoolajiyada ballaadhan, gaar ahaan tignoolajiyada isgaadhsiinta indhaha, waxay siisaa xawaaraha xawaaraha lagama maarmaanka ah, tayada gudbinta, iyo kharash yar ee gudbinta macluumaadka ganacsi ee kala duwan.
Sida tikniyoolajiyadda tiir-dhexaadka ah ee goobta isgaadhsiinta casriga ah, tignoolajiyada isgaarsiinta indhaha ayaa ku koraysa xadiga 100 jeer koritaanka 10kii sanaba. Gudbinta Fiber optic oo leh awood aad u weyn ayaa ah habka ugu habboon ee gudbinta "saddexda shabakadood" iyo gudbiyaha jireed ee ugu weyn ee mustaqbalka macluumaadka. Tignoolajiyada isgaarsiinta fiber optic-ga awoodda ballaaran ayaa si ballaaran loogu dabaqay shabakadaha isgaarsiinta, shabakadaha kombuyuutarka, iyo shabakadaha baahinta iyo telefishanka.
Waqtiga boostada: Dec-12-2024